Internal combustion engine



oct. s, 1935.

c. R. wAsElGE INTERNAL coMBUsTIoN ENGINE Filed March 25,'A 1932? 3- *01 o i 92N el l l A a el l@ l erf'. a .N al, l N o) 2 i o5 0 i JS 1. F. Q i i l Q .Sm my :Y K x v Q 15%* 01% E 11% Smic/Mofo Patented Oct. 8, 19u35 PAT ' coMnUs'rioN Encina cherie: neymcniiwaning"nueiiiiiraimcicn France, assisnorgy mesnefsixhments; tof

.Y Eciipse'f'Aviation Corporation, East' Orange,

In France March 30, 1931 gine."With such a.V superchargedenginajand "umore particularly'to stai-tithe same, itis neciiir-k sary to have, in the'admission passage. leading to the cylinders; air, under the fpressurefrequired to secure ignition .temperature .-witnin thecyiina der, -if it is desired vnot to have recourse to auxy .lli` iliary. ignition devicesm'` object vof the invention is, therefore, `toutilize ithe supercharging. compressor itself f oi-se-f. curing the required` pressure. .in Y the admission passage to y the cylinders andv in lthe cylinders `themselves.A e ggf 1 Another object offthe present.invention.`is to cause the pressure in the :admission passages to be'raised to the desiredpoint itself is started. i Another object of the Apron'io'tethe ignitionof theiuel injected into the engine'cylinders when the' engine is started by raising the temperature and pressure jof :the air in the admission, passages and the engine cylinders by means of the superchargingcoinpressor working ina-closed circuit... j v. v

A furtherobject. of1y the present inventionis to provide a. vsupercharged internal combustion engine including starting means" which may be selectively engaged with the superchargingmeans alone,fwith: the engine alone, or Vwith the supercharging means andthe enginesimultane'ously..

' :A- iurther. objectof.. th'e present invention is to provide a supercharged internal-,combustion before the engine presentfinventionl to" nection `otfythe startingvdevice and compressor, .or whenth'e pressure developedbythe come" v pressor has reached a. predetermined degree, or

when the l'compressor` reached it )pri-.detehy minedotticicbjectfcf the intenti-cn is tc provide' means 'whereby ythe enginefandcompressor Vmay be made tol revolve togethergsucl Joint revolvin'gfl being secured preferably by nieansof vth 'co'u.'

pling between thestartr `and thecompressor.A ."10` A. Qtherobjects and features ofinovelty willlbe when takenin c onnectionwith the ing drawing.-A It 'isitobe expressly,understood,

apperectfrrvcm rthe renewing detaiied description however, ythat thedrawing is forl purposes of illus.4 18

tration- .ornyand "is not.- designed a Y definition o f theI limitsu fof, the invention, reference beingl had LIvlffthit `nilriwiw to. ,the 'appended claims.

yIn the drawing wherein similar reference-characiers refer, to like' throughout the several so views:-

murs ilse-statunitensi termios a plane 4passed thro and also showing part of theiengine. YVFigure 2 is a viewof the starting device,

ing its relation. te parte disclosed in 'Figure i.

reference numeral I fdenotesthe fi'ranksh'att of an internal combustionengine, fsuchl engine. `be-v ing of thelDieselA4 or solid kinjection As 30 n showinth'e. crankshaft I is formedtwithan exe" located withinthe-housing 16a, 6b andris iormed $5 integrally with lor suitably secured-to a hollow:

Snert 4 which issieeveeaboiit the shaft nitrite shaft Ya.. may be" suitably Euro1-*nce snow-.jes l' In `the form oi' .invention'disclosed in igl, thek `A 4.0 engine having starting means, wherein means are The compte-iwf WWI: .2 ,vliolves a do.

provided for yclosing the circuit inw'hich-the lsu.;`

'formed housingand the compressor unit includes' `f the coupling between the .starter and the engine'. either at the end of a` given vtime after thecon# an intakepassagela andthe/usualiy spiral 3i,-both generallyoiusuai construction.

The intake* passage "ar-has provided therein a 5., valve member Il which may be moved to open orclosethe f said intake passage. In the presentr construction ahy-pass is provided'between the intake passageand the annular delivery passage, Asuch 4inf-pass being 'denoted by'numeral 34, .and 6o. is shownas opening into ,the intake passage on the compressor side of the' throttle valve II. The

opening oi'the passage M intothe delivery. spiral* maybe kclosedA by" a' valve.;member I1, which isf ynormally heldin closedbymeans 5| Such means may'comprise a lever 43, pivotally attached at one end to the lower end' of rod 33 and pivotally mounted at its center on a pivot Y member 42 as shown. The other end of lever 43` is pivotally attached to a link 4I` which, at its,

other end is pivotally attached at 43 to the throttle valve 33. It will be seen that when throttle valve 33 is in its full line position as showninFigure l, the valve 31 will be raised, by means of link 4IV and lever 43, thereby allowing free passage between delivery passage 35 and annular delivery-` passage 35 through by-pass 34.

It will be obvious that, assuming the above-described operation to'be effected, i. e. the throttle valve 33 closed and the valve'31 opened, and the compressor 'be thereafter rotated, the rotation of the compressor will be in a closed circuit andthe air in such closed circuit will, in a very short time,V

be under high pressure and the temperature thereof be greatly'raised. Such highlyV heated and 'compressed'air'will be delivered to the'admission passage 42 of the engine.

preferably provided with a small opening 55 to admit a vsmall amount of air to compensateiorv leakage on the pressure side of the superchar'ger.

Referring now to the gearing construction as disclosed more particularly in Figure 1,'it will be seen that sleeve shaft 4 is provided, ata point intermediate of its length,with a pinion 1, formed integrally `with or suitably attached to4 shaft 4. Meshing with the teeth of pinion 1 is the planetary pinion 3, which 'alsomesh withan internally toothed ring-gear 3, and are attached to a gear wheel I3, which is sleeved rotatably about shaft 4, the gear system 3, 3, I3 forming an epicyclic gear. Meshing with gear wheel I3 of the epicyclic gear is a gear wheell I, which is of drumfconstruction and is providedrwith a centrallyextending sleeve I1, the wholebeing suitably supported in bearingsformed on the casing 6a, 3b. The drum portion of'gear I Iris formed internally with annular clutch means'which are adapted, on suitable operation, to engage adisk member I2,' which is provided with a centrally-extending shaft 'I3 which carries at itsoutery end'a pinion gear I3. Centrifugally-actuated levers I3 are carried by gear II, the whole forming a centrifugally actuated means wherebygear vII may drive, through the'clutch means'formed internally thereof, plate I2 andsleeve I1, the pinion gear I3. This centrifugally-operated clutch mechanism forms, specifl'cally, no part of my invention, and its details of operation are also no part thereof but the operation is previously described as follows: Outwardmovement of weights I3 which are pivoted on gear IIbrings'themlnto contact with pins 45 secured toslidable'plate 55 and moves the plate into contact with the disc I2 to clamp it against the back face of hollow gear I I. Lever I2a is pivotally mounted on an inward extension o f housing 3b and is adapted to move slidable collar I3a to release weights I3 from contact with thepins at the will of the operator.

Gear I3, which, as described above, may be driven by gear 'II, engages with an internally toothed gear' I4, which is mounted for rotation in suitable bearings formed by the casing 3a, 6b. Gear I4 is formed "centrally witha smaller, externally-toothed pinion I5 which meshesA with The valve v33 a large gear-wheel I6, which is sleeved rotatably about shaft 24, and which is formed with clutch means 26 which may be engaged by co-operating clutch means 25 which is slidably attached to shaft 24 by spline 55. 5

` It will be apparent from` the above description that if gear wheel I5 is rotated, and clutch means 25,26 Aare not engaged, then such rotation will be 4transmitted by pinion I5, gear wheel I4, pinion I3, through shaft I1 and clutch means I2, gear wheel i3 I I, epicyclic gear train I3, 3, 3 to pinion 1, thereby causing rotation of compressor 2 at a very high speed.

. Means lare provided for 'causing such rotation V.of gearwheel I6, 'such means comprising, prinl5 vcipally, a starting device of any usual type, which is shown at I3 in Fig. 2 of the drawing. On energization ofthe starting means I3, the rotation thereof r will be transmitted, through suitable gearing comprising pinion 41 and gears 43, 43, and 53, 20 to shaft I3,\about which is"-disposed, but'not attached thereto, la threaded sleeve 23,4 on which Isthreaded'a pinion 5I. Sleeve 23 is provided with toothed flange 2| forming a stop for the movable pinion 5I which is adapted to be engaged by simi- 25 1t win be seen that when shaft lil-1s rotated was v means of starting means I3.' as described above, clutch means 22 will be rotated with shaft I3 by spline` 53 and'when such clutch means is moved' into engagement with clutch means 2|, sleevel 23 will be rotated and pinion 5I will be advanced 4,0;v

longitudinally thereon,`as ina well known drive construction, 'theengagement of pinion 5I with gear wheel lI5 transmitting the rotation of the starter I3 to gear wheel I3. Y

The invention `contemplates operation of the 45 supercharger by the motor I3 with the throttle 33 in its closed! position which movement4 may be accomplished by actuation of rod 44 at about the same time that rod 23 is moved to a position to engage clutches 2| and 22.`

When the rotation of the compressor bymeans of thestarter I3 lhas supplied air at sufllciently high'temperature andpressure to admission passage 42 to insure combustion of the fuel when it` is injected into such compressed and heated air in 5'52.

the engineA cylinders, "the engine crankshaft is caused to rotate by means oflthe kengagement of clutch means 25 and 25. Such engagement is effected by proper manipulation of a handle 21y which is Yadapted to movezclutch member 25, which is slidable onand splined to shaft 24, into engagement withclutch member 25. The engine crankshaft "I will nowbe rotated by the4 starting device I3 through shaft I3,Vclutch meansZI, 22, pinion I1, gear wheel I6,`clut ch means 25, 25, and 6" shaft 24, and the lengine started. On starting 'of the engineV the drive will be reversed and gear wheel I6 will move pinion 5I out of engagement therewith along the threaded shaft 23, due to the fact that gear wheel I3 `will have a higher speed than pinion 5I.

With the engine running, throttle valve 33 may be opened and vvalve 31 closed to allow normal operation of the compressor, such valve opera-r 75.

- and manner oi assembling the various compo-- tion beingeffected by the'manipmanon. of 'fammiy rod ultoclosefvalve; fI i power, the compressorfwill :..b`e ,:driven`v `thereby, throughfshaft 24, clutch means :25,526,1gear wheel whichthe: compressor\is.driven, at `the will of the operator, and 4such'Y selectionY may be made when;

theY compressor.l is being .driven 'either by ythe startingmean'sfor by the engine. :To this end, the shaft 4 is provided with a gear 3l which meshes, wlth'afgear wheel 32, the -lattergdriving through a centrifugal clutch arrangement, the pinion gear 33 which meshes with gear I6. The centrifugal clutch arrangement associated with gear wheel 32 is identical with that associated with gear wheel I I and its operation may be prevented by means of a shifter collar and lever 30a, operating in a manner identical with lever I2a and disk I 3a described hereinbefore. As stated, this particular centrifugally actuated clutch mechanism forms no part of my invention. I

It will be apparent thaty the operator', by selective manipulation of levers I2a and 30a mayy Vars as also explained, the speed of the supercharger j render effective or ineffective for drivingr purposes either of the two gear trains, therebyrselecting the speed at which he lwishes the com-f:

pressor to be driven. It is also obvious that by disengagement of clutch means 25, 26 whenthe engine is running, the compressor drive may be isolated altogether and the compressor stopped.

The operation of'the device is as follows When itis desired to start the engine, theclutch means 25, 26 are disconnected, thereby insuring that the engine-Will not be driven, and the starting force applied to gear Wheel I6 by manipulation of starter rod 23 to engage clutch members 2| 'and 22. LSuch manipulation causes rotation of sleeve 20 by shaft vI9 and the pinion 5I will thereby be j moved into engagementV with gear wheel I6,

transmitting thereto the starting torque o! the starterV I8. When starting rod 23 is moved, as above described, lever I2a is manually operated to allow driving connection between pinion I3 and gear wheel II through the centrifugal clutch. Accordingly the compressor 2, 4 will be rotated. At the same time that starter rod 23 is actuated, valve 38 is closed by movement of rod .44 and valve 31 opened, and the compressor will there-V fore rotate in a closed circuit, imparting high pressureand temperature to the air in such cir` cuit. When such temperature andpressure have reached the correct degree, or when the compressor has reached a certain speed, the clutch means 25, 26 may be connected and the engine member I will thereafter'be `driven by the starter, and,

on proper Vinjection of fuel into the engine cylinders, will be started. As soon as the engine rotates under its own power the gear Wheel I6 will rotate the pinion 5I in such a way as to cause the same to move out Yof engagement Aalong the Y The engine will now drive threaded sleeve 20. the supercharger as explained hereinbefore, and

may be varied by proper selection of the gearing through which such supercharger is driven by the engine. Such selection may be made by operation of either lever I 2a or 30a, as hereinbefore explained. c

While one embodiment of my invention has been illustrated and described herein, it is to be understood that the invention is 'not limited thereto. Various changes in the shapes,

nent parts mayberesortedto .without departing? those skil1cd.,in;ythe.art. Reference'. willY there-l fore be had tothe pptnded yclaims for a. deni- 5 tion y of Athe Alimits of; the.inventioxji.; f

What Iclaim isi, Y,

l., In v an internalcombustion engine having Vva crank-shaft, the combination Aofv a supercharger havingan inlet and an outlet, meansfor connecting the inlet. .with the outlettaform e Closed gas.: circuit in whichgthe supercharger operates, means for,v connecting anddiscorinecting the supers-l charger,4 with. and;fromgthel crank-shaft, power means for rotating the supercharger whenthe l5 same is disconnected from the engine, and means for connecting the power means with the engine crank-shaft to start the engine.

2. In anv internal combustion'engine, the come ibination of supercharging means a by-pass con- 20 necting the high and low pressure sides oi the supercharger, starting means, means forming a closed gas circuit including the supercharger and f by-pass, means for causing rotation'of said super charging means in the closed circuit by said 25 starting means, means for subsequently rotating said engine by s aidstarting means, and means for causing rotation of said supercharging means by said engine crankshaft. 3. In an internal combustion engine, having a. 3

. crank-shaft, a starting device for the engine,

a supercharging 'device having a delivery passage and an intake passage, valve means in each of said (passages, means for rotating. said supercharging device by the starter device without rotating the 85 crank-shaft, and means for actuatingsaid valves whereby said supercharging device rotates in a closed circuit. 4 A

4. In an internal combustion engine having a crank-shaft, a starting device for the engine, a 40 supercharging device having a delivery passage and an intake passage, valves in `each of said passages, means for connecting the starting devic'e to the superchargerl for operating said supery charging device without rotating the crank-shaft, 45 and means for opening said valve'in said delivery f passage' and closing said valve 'in said intake passage by a single manual operation.

5. In an internal combustion engine having'a crankshaft, a supercharger having an outlet t0 50` the engine, a"valve in the supercharger inlet, a

Vby-pass connecting the outlet and inlet, a valve Vcontrolling said by-pass, means for simultaneously'actuating said valves, means for' rotating said supercharger independently of .the engine at the will of the operator, and means :for connecting 65y y andv disconnecting said supercharger` with and from-said crankshaft.

7. In an internal combustion .engine having a crankshaft, an annularintake conduit for the engine, a supercharger having its outlet incom- 70 munication with said intake conduit, an intake conduit for the supercharger, means'forming a by-pass between the annular conduit and the in- `take conduit, a valve controlling the by-pas's,

means, for simultaneously opening said by-pass toting f upercharger independently of the engine at the will ofthe operatorrand means for' connecting andV Ydisconnecting 'saideupercharger with and from said cranksha!t.

8. In an internal'combus'ti a crankshaft, an annular intake-conduit tor the engine; a sunerchnrger having its otlet'infcomiuhlctio'with- Said lume conduit, ln htm 'conduit for superchargerpmeam forming a lay-pass between the-'annular conduit amiv the intake conduit, a valve controlling the :hy-pass,4

means tor opening said. by-paas valve `and closing said' intake valve. means for amsn said'''alvefineam for rotatingr the supercharger independentiyvof the engine at the will of the operatorfand means for connecting-and disconnecting said supercharger with and from-saidvcrankshaft; said intake valve,

having a small.opening;y therein to prevent. complete clcsurerotthe intake conduit.-

. Y l 9. The method o! starting an internal ecmbusft tion engine which vcomprises compressing a charge oir air and `torciblycircuiating the zscme in a closed circuit to increase the temperature there-'10 .o!, and subsequently rotating the enginecrnnkshaft'- to cirawl the heated chargeno! air into the engine.V f w Y v e f mmonngwnsmcn. 

